Practice Exam: Sociology of Crimes & Ethics - Ethics & Human Relations (Set 29)
A 30-question practice exam covering professional ethics, human relations in criminal justice, and victimology.
1. Which of the following best defines ethics?
A.A set of laws that govern the behavior of a particular group.
B.A branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
C.The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.
D.The legal precedents that dictate professional responsibilities.
2. The PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards is primarily based on which of the following?
A.The Revised Penal Code
B.Republic Act No. 6713, the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees
C.The National Internal Security Policy
D.The PNP's historical traditions
3. An officer who accepts a small gift from a citizen as a token of gratitude, without any expectation of future favors, is engaging in what is known as:
A.Extortion
B.Grass-eating
C.Meat-eating
D.Bribery
4. What is the core principle of human relations in policing?
A.Establishing a strict, authoritarian presence to deter crime.
B.Building a positive and cooperative relationship between the police and the community.
C.Focusing exclusively on law enforcement and arrest statistics.
D.Prioritizing the needs of the police force over the community.
5. What is victimology?
A.The study of criminal behavior.
B.The study of law enforcement techniques.
C.The scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, and the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system.
D.The study of penal systems and correctional institutions.
6. According to Victim Precipitation Theory, which of the following best describes 'active precipitation'?
A.The victim was in the wrong place at the wrong time.
B.The victim's actions, such as provoking or attacking the offender first, directly led to their victimization.
C.The victim possessed a personal characteristic that made them an attractive target.
D.The victim unknowingly placed themselves in a dangerous situation.
7. Which theory suggests that an individual's daily activities and behaviors, such as going to bars late at night or associating with criminals, increase their risk of victimization?
A.Routine Activities Theory
B.Lifestyle Theory
C.Deviant Place Theory
D.Victim Precipitation Theory
8. Routine Activities Theory requires the convergence of which three elements for a crime to occur?
A.Poverty, unemployment, and lack of education.
B.A motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian.
C.A weapon, an opportunity, and a getaway plan.
D.A victim, an offender, and a witness.
9. Which law in the Philippines provides a comprehensive framework for protecting the rights of victims of violent crimes?
A.R.A. 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act)
B.R.A. 9344 as amended by R.A. 10630 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act)
C.R.A. 7610 (Special Protection of Children Against Abuse)
D.R.A. 6981 (Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act)
10. A prosecutor who, despite having strong evidence, decides not to pursue a case because of the defendant's political connections is violating which ethical principle?
A.Confidentiality
B.Loyalty
C.Impartiality
D.Diligence
11. What does the principle of 'Non-maleficence' in professional ethics mean?
A.To do good.
B.To do no harm.
C.To be fair.
D.To be truthful.
12. A police officer who fabricates evidence to ensure the conviction of a known criminal he believes is guilty is an example of:
A.The "Slippery Slope" phenomenon.
B."Noble Cause" corruption.
C."Blue-coat" crime.
D.Cooping.
13. Which of the following is NOT a core component of the PNP's doctrine on police-community relations?
A.Community Partnership
B.Problem Solving
C.Absolute Enforcement of all laws at all times
D.Organizational Transformation
14. An elderly person who is scammed out of their life savings is considered a victim according to which typology?
A.Ideal Victim
B.Provocative Victim
C.Participating Victim
D.Unrelated Victim
15. A prison guard who smuggles a cell phone to an inmate in exchange for money is committing an act of:
A.Misfeasance
B.Nonfeasance
C.Malfeasance
D.Discretion
16. What is the main purpose of a professional Code of Conduct for law enforcement?
A.To protect officers from legal liability.
B.To increase the number of arrests.
C.To guide officers in their duties, ensure public trust, and provide a basis for discipline.
D.To create a sense of brotherhood among officers.
17. The concept that victimization is a result of the victim's high-risk behaviors and choices, such as associating with criminals or frequenting dangerous places, is central to:
A.Lifestyle Theory
B.Victim Precipitation Theory
C.Routine Activities Theory
D.Subculture of Violence Theory
18. A woman is walking home alone at night through a poorly lit alley known for frequent muggings. A man jumps out and robs her. Which theory best explains this scenario?
A.Victim Precipitation Theory
B.Routine Activities Theory
C.Lifestyle Theory
D.Deviant Place Theory
19. The Victim and Witness Protection Program (R.A. 6981) offers all of the following EXCEPT:
A.Security protection for the witness and their family.
B.Financial assistance for transportation and subsistence.
C.Automatic acquittal or pardon for any pending criminal cases of the witness.
D.Relocation and change of personal identity.
20. An officer who, during an interrogation, lies to a suspect by saying their accomplice has already confessed is using a form of:
A.Coercion
B.Deception
C.Physical abuse
D.Bribery
21. What is the ethical principle that obligates a professional to be faithful to their duties and responsibilities?
A.Justice
B.Fidelity
C.Beneficence
D.Autonomy
22. Which of the following is the best example of 'passive precipitation' in victimology?
A.A person starts a bar fight and gets seriously injured.
B.A member of one rival gang is assaulted by another simply because of their affiliation.
C.A person leaves their car unlocked with valuables in plain sight.
D.A person argues with an armed robber and is shot.
23. A police department that focuses on building relationships, holding community meetings, and using foot patrols to increase visibility and trust is practicing:
A.Traditional Policing
B.Reactive Policing
C.Community-Oriented Policing
D.Zero-Tolerance Policing
24. A correctional officer's duty to provide inmates with basic humane treatment, including adequate food, shelter, and medical care, is an ethical obligation rooted in:
A.The principle of retribution.
B.The respect for human dignity and rights.
C.The need for institutional security.
D.The officer's contractual employment.
25. Which ethical theory suggests that the morality of an action is determined by its adherence to a set of rules or duties?
A.Utilitarianism
B.Deontology
C.Virtue Ethics
D.Consequentialism
26. The phenomenon where officers are more likely to cover up for a fellow officer's misconduct than to report it is known as:
A.The "Slippery Slope"
B.The "Blue Wall of Silence"
C.The "Noble Cause"
D.The "Rotten Apple" theory
27. The theory that crime and victimization are higher in places where there is a breakdown of social control and physical decay is known as:
A.Lifestyle Theory
B.Routine Activities Theory
C.Deviant Place Theory
D.Subculture of Violence Theory
28. Which of the following is a right guaranteed to a victim under Philippine law?
A.The right to demand a specific sentence for the offender.
B.The right to be present and heard during certain stages of the criminal proceedings.
C.The right to personally interrogate the accused in court.
D.The right to veto a plea bargaining agreement.
29. A judge who consistently gives harsher sentences to defendants from a specific ethnic minority, despite similar case facts, is violating the ethical principle of:
A.Confidentiality
B.Diligence
C.Justice and Fairness
D.Competence
30. Police-community relations (PCR) is a two-way street. What does this mean?
A.Police give orders, and the community must obey.
B.It requires mutual trust, respect, and cooperation from both the police and the community to be effective.
C.Only the police are responsible for improving the relationship.
D.The community must fund all PCR programs.