Practice Exam: Correctional Administration - Penology & Rehabilitation (Set 32)
A 30-question practice exam covering theories of punishment, rehabilitation programs, and correctional philosophy.
1. Which of the following best defines Penology?
A.The study of criminal behavior and its causes.
B.The study of the punishment of crime and the management of correctional facilities.
C.The sociological study of crime and its impact on society.
D.The scientific analysis of physical evidence from a crime scene.
2. The classical theory of punishment that argues punishment should be equivalent to the harm done is known as:
A.Deterrence
B.Incapacitation
C.Retribution
D.Rehabilitation
3. What is the core principle of the Auburn (New York) System of corrections?
A.Inmates were kept in solitary confinement at all times.
B.Inmates worked together in silence during the day and were isolated at night.
C.The focus was primarily on religious and moral instruction.
D.It emphasized vocational training over all other activities.
4. Which philosophy of correction focuses on changing the offender's behavior, skills, and mindset to prevent future crime?
A.Retribution
B.Incapacitation
C.Rehabilitation
D.Deterrence
5. In the context of Philippine corrections, what is the primary purpose of educational and vocational programs in prisons?
A.To keep inmates busy and reduce idleness.
B.To generate income for the correctional facility.
C.To provide inmates with skills for lawful employment upon release.
D.To fulfill a basic requirement of international human rights standards.
6. The Therapeutic Community (TC) Model is best described as a correctional program that:
A.Relies heavily on medication to manage inmate behavior.
B.Uses the community itself as the primary agent of change.
C.Focuses solely on individual counseling with a psychiatrist.
D.Segregates offenders based on the type of crime committed.
7. Republic Act No. 9344, or the "Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act," primarily promotes which approach to dealing with children in conflict with the law (CICL)?
A.Punitive and retributive sanctions.
B.Restorative justice and rehabilitation.
C.Strict incapacitation and isolation.
D.Community service as the sole intervention.
8. The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend after being released is known as:
A.Reformation
B.Reintegration
C.Recidivism
D.Retribution
9. Which of these is a critical component of successful reintegration for a former inmate?
A.Severing all ties with their past community.
B.Securing stable housing and employment.
C.Changing their legal identity.
D.Paying a "debt to society" fee.
10. A modern correctional trend that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime by involving victims, offenders, and the community is called:
A.Punitive Justice
B.Incapacitation Theory
C.Restorative Justice
D.Scared Straight Programs
11. The Pennsylvania System, also known as the "separate system," was based on which core principle?
A.Inmates learned a trade through factory-style work.
B.Total isolation and silence for reflection and penitence.
C.Inmates governed themselves with minimal staff oversight.
D.Physical punishment was the primary tool for discipline.
12. Preventing crime by making potential offenders fearful of the consequences of their actions is the goal of:
A.Rehabilitation
B.Deterrence
C.Retribution
D.Incapacitation
13. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary goal of punishment?
A.Incapacitation
B.Rehabilitation
C.Deterrence
D.Retaliation
14. In the Philippines, the Board of Pardons and Parole is the agency responsible for:
A.Managing the daily operations of all national prisons.
B.Granting parole and recommending executive clemency.
C.Prosecuting criminal cases in court.
D.Supervising juvenile detention centers.
15. A vocational program teaching inmates computer repair is an example of which correctional philosophy?
A.Retribution
B.Rehabilitation
C.Incapacitation
D.Just Deserts
16. What is a primary cause of recidivism?
A.Excessive educational opportunities in prison.
B.Overly lenient parole officers.
C.Social stigma and lack of employment opportunities post-release.
D.Short prison sentences.
17. The "Bahay Pag-asa" established under the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (R.A. 9344) serves as a:
A.Maximum-security prison for juvenile offenders.
B.Youth care facility for residential care and rehabilitation.
C.Halfway house for adult offenders.
D.Vocational school for children of inmates.
18. This theory of punishment aims to make an offender incapable of committing further crimes, usually by imprisonment or execution.
A.Deterrence
B.Incapacitation
C.Rehabilitation
D.Retribution
19. Which historical figure is known for advocating for prison reform and the "Panopticon" design?
A.Cesare Beccaria
B.Jeremy Bentham
C.Cesare Lombroso
D.John Howard
20. A key feature of the Therapeutic Community (TC) model is the use of "peer confrontation." What is its purpose?
A.To physically intimidate residents into compliance.
B.To create a hierarchy within the community.
C.To hold residents accountable for their behavior in a constructive manner.
D.To report rule violations to the prison administration for punishment.
21. What is the fundamental difference between probation and parole?
A.Probation is for federal crimes, while parole is for state crimes.
B.Probation is an alternative to incarceration, while parole is early release from prison.
C.Probation is supervised by the police, while parole is supervised by social workers.
D.Probation is a right, while parole is a privilege.
22. In the context of juvenile justice, what does "diversion" refer to?
A.Transferring a juvenile to an adult court.
B.Sending a juvenile to a different foster home.
C.Disposing of a case without resorting to formal court proceedings.
D.Allowing a juvenile to change their plea.
23. The "Just Deserts" model of punishment is most closely aligned with which theory?
A.Rehabilitation
B.Retribution
C.Deterrence
D.Incapacitation
24. Which of these is NOT a form of executive clemency in the Philippines?
A.Pardon (Absolute or Conditional)
B.Commutation of Sentence
C.Probation
D.Reprieve
25. The shift from a purely punitive model to a rehabilitative model of corrections is often called the:
A.Retributive Movement
B.Reformatory Movement
C.Auburn Movement
D.Classical Movement
26. Which factor is considered a "static" risk factor for recidivism?
A.Substance abuse problem
B.Offender's criminal history
C.Anti-social peer group
D.Lack of employment
27. What is the primary purpose of a halfway house in the reintegration process?
A.To serve as a long-term residence for ex-offenders.
B.To provide a transitional living arrangement with supervision and support.
C.To act as a community-based prison.
D.To function as a job placement agency.
28. The concept of "penal populism" refers to:
A.The belief that all offenders can be rehabilitated.
B.Tough-on-crime policies pursued by politicians for public approval.
C.A correctional model managed by the inmates themselves.
D.A focus on community-based sanctions over imprisonment.
29. According to the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), what is a primary component of their welfare and development programs for inmates?
A.International travel opportunities.
B.Unrestricted internet access.
C.Livelihood projects and skills training.
D.Access to social media.
30. A philosophy that views the prison itself as a 'community of learners' where staff and inmates work together to foster change is central to what model?
A.The Medical Model
B.The Therapeutic Community Model
C.The Custodial Model
D.The Retributive Model