Practice Exam: Sociology of Crimes & Ethics - Victimology & Victim Rights (Set 64)
A 30-question practice exam covering victimology theories, victim typologies, and victim compensation.
1. According to Mendelsohn's typology, which category describes a victim who is solely responsible for their own victimization, such as a person who commits suicide?
A.The completely innocent victim
B.The victim with minor guilt
C.The most guilty victim
D.The imaginary victim
2. Von Hentig's classification of victims is based on what primary factor?
A.The victim's socio-economic status
B.Psychological, social, and biological characteristics that make individuals prone to victimization
C.The severity of the crime committed against the victim
D.The victim's relationship with the offender
3. A person who is attacked while walking alone at night in a high-crime area could be described by which of Von Hentig's general classes of victims?
A.The young
B.The female
C.The lonesome and heartbroken
D.The tormentor
4. What is the core concept of "victim precipitation"?
A.The victim is always to blame for the crime.
B.The victim's actions or characteristics, in some way, initiated the criminal event.
C.The justice system unfairly blames the victim.
D.Offenders always choose their victims randomly.
5. In Mendelsohn's typology, a person who inadvertently walks into a restricted area and becomes a victim of a crime would be considered:
A.A completely innocent victim
B.A victim with minor guilt/ignorance
C.A voluntary victim
D.A more guilty victim than the offender
6. Which of the following is an example of "passive precipitation"?
A.A person starts a bar fight and gets injured.
B.A person actively threatens someone who then responds with violence.
C.A person is targeted for a hate crime due to their ethnicity.
D.A person agrees to a dangerous stunt and gets hurt.
7. Which category in Von Hentig's typology would best describe an elderly person who is scammed out of their life savings?
A.The acquisitive
B.The mentally defective
C.The tormentor
D.The blocked
8. According to Mendelsohn, an "imaginary victim" is someone who:
A.Is completely innocent.
B.Pretends to be a victim for personal gain.
C.Falsely believes they have been victimized due to mental illness.
D.Is victimized by an unknown offender.
9. Victim precipitation is most often studied and controversially applied in which type of crime?
A.Arson
B.Burglary
C.Rape and sexual assault
D.Car theft
10. A business owner who is killed by a hitman they hired to kill a rival, but who turned on them instead, fits which of Mendelsohn's categories?
A.A victim with minor guilt
B.A voluntary victim
C.A victim who is more guilty than the offender
D.The most guilty victim
11. What is the central premise of the Lifestyle Theory of victimization?
A.Criminals are born, not made.
B.Victims are always in the wrong place at the wrong time.
C.An individual's daily activities and behaviors (vocation, leisure) influence their risk of becoming a victim.
D.Poverty is the sole determinant of victimization risk.
12. According to Routine Activities Theory, for a predatory crime to occur, which three elements must converge?
A.Poverty, unemployment, and a motivated offender
B.A motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian
C.A vulnerable victim, a weapon, and a dark alley
D.A prior conflict, an opportunity, and a lack of witnesses
13. Which of the following best exemplifies a "capable guardian" in Routine Activities Theory?
A.A wealthy victim
B.A motivated offender
C.A police patrol, a locked door, or a vigilant neighbor
D.A suitable and easily transportable target
14. What is "repeat victimization"?
A.When a victim is victimized by the same offender multiple times.
B.When different members of the same family become victims of crime.
C.The phenomenon where a person or place is victimized more than once in a specific period.
D.The psychological trauma a victim experiences after a crime.
15. A college student who frequents late-night parties and often walks home alone would have an increased risk of victimization according to which theory?
A.Social Disorganization Theory
B.Lifestyle Theory
C.Strain Theory
D.Labeling Theory
16. The concept of a "hot spot" in criminology, a geographic area with a high concentration of crime, is closely related to which element of Routine Activities Theory?
A.A convergence of suitable targets and motivated offenders
B.The consistent presence of capable guardians
C.The high socio-economic status of residents
D.Strong community ties and informal social control
17. Leaving a valuable laptop visible on the passenger seat of an unlocked car increases the risk of theft by affecting which element of the crime triangle?
A.It creates a motivated offender.
B.It removes the capable guardian.
C.It makes the laptop a more "suitable target."
D.It provokes the offender.
18. Why is repeat victimization a key focus for crime prevention?
A.Because it proves that offenders are irrational.
B.Because it is a rare and unusual phenomenon.
C.Because resources can be focused on protecting recent victims to prevent future incidents.
D.Because it suggests that victims are always to blame.
19. What is the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 7309 in the Philippines?
A.To mandate imprisonment for all convicted felons.
B.To establish a system of financial compensation for victims of violent crimes and unjust imprisonment.
C.To create the Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Program.
D.To define the rights of a person under custodial investigation.
20. Under R.A. 7309, who can file a claim for compensation?
A.Only the direct victim of the violent crime.
B.Any person who witnessed the crime.
C.The victim, or in case of their death or incapacity, their surviving spouse, children, or parents.
D.Only a person who was unjustly imprisoned.
21. What is the maximum amount of compensation a victim of violent crime can receive under R.A. 7309?
A.P1,000
B.P5,000
C.P10,000
D.P50,000
22. The Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act (R.A. 6981) provides protection to whom?
A.Any person who has knowledge of a crime.
B.Any person who is a victim of a crime.
C.A person who has witnessed or has knowledge of a grave felony and is willing to testify.
D.Only police officers who act as witnesses in court.
23. Which of the following is a benefit provided to a witness under the Witness Protection Program in the Philippines?
A.A new identity and complete relocation to another country.
B.Secure housing, financial assistance, and security protection.
C.A guaranteed conviction of the accused.
D.A portion of the assets seized from the convicted person.
24. A person who was arrested and detained but was later acquitted by the court can claim compensation under R.A. 7309 if they:
A.Can prove the police made a procedural error.
B.Were unjustly accused, convicted, and imprisoned, and the case was later reversed.
C.Can show they suffered financial losses during the trial.
D.Were detained for more than 30 days.
25. What is the main goal of restorative justice?
A.To ensure the offender receives the harshest punishment possible.
B.To repair the harm caused by the crime by involving all stakeholders.
C.To focus solely on the needs and rights of the victim.
D.To determine the absolute guilt or innocence of the offender.
26. Which of the following is the best example of a victim-offender mediation process?
A.A judge lectures the offender about the impact of their crime.
B.The victim and offender are placed in the same prison cell.
C.A trained facilitator helps the victim and offender communicate about the crime and its impact.
D.The victim's family protests outside the courthouse.
27. What is a "victim impact statement"?
A.A statement made by the offender expressing remorse.
B.A formal police report detailing the crime.
C.A statement made by the victim to the court about how the crime has affected their life.
D.A psychological evaluation of the victim.
28. "Secondary victimization" refers to the:
A.Harm caused by the initial criminal act.
B.Victimization of a person or group more than once.
C.Negative experiences victims have with the criminal justice system and society after the crime.
D.Psychological trauma experienced by the offender.
29. A police officer who interviews a sexual assault survivor with a blaming and insensitive tone is contributing to:
A.Victim precipitation
B.Restorative justice
C.Secondary victimization
D.Repeat victimization
30. Which restorative justice practice involves a broader group of people, including family and friends of the victim and offender?
A.Victim impact panel
B.Victim-offender mediation
C.Family group conferencing
D.Plea bargaining