Practice Exam: Sociology of Crimes & Ethics - Organized Crime & Terrorism (Set 65)
A 30-question practice exam covering organized crime syndicates, terrorism studies, and transnational crimes.
1. Which of the following is considered a core characteristic of organized crime groups?
A.Spontaneous and disorganized activities
B.A hierarchical structure with a clear chain of command
C.Primary focus on political activism and social change
D.Legal and legitimate business operations
2. The Italian-American Mafia, also known as La Cosa Nostra, is structured into various units. What is the term for a family or chapter?
A.Crew
B.Borgata
C.Commission
D.Regime
3. Which historical Chinese secret societies evolved into modern-day transnational organized crime groups known as Triads?
A.The Shaolin Monastery
B.The Hung Mun
C.The Righteous and Harmonious Fists
D.The White Lotus Society
4. In the context of Philippine organized crime, which group is infamous for its robbery-holdup activities and is often composed of former military or police personnel?
A.Abu Sayyaf Group
B.Kuratong Baleleng
C.Pentagon Gang
D.Waray-Waray Gang
5. The "Code of Silence" and loyalty within Mafia families is known by what name?
A.Vendetta
B.Omertà
C.Capo dei capi
D.Cosa Nostra
6. Which of these is NOT a typical characteristic of a Triad?
A.Use of numeric codes to represent positions
B.A flat, non-hierarchical structure
C.Elaborate initiation ceremonies
D.Involvement in extortion and illegal gambling
7. What is the primary motivation for most organized crime activities?
A.Political ideology
B.Financial profit
C.Religious conversion
D.Social justice
8. Which Philippine-based organized crime group is primarily known for kidnap-for-ransom operations in Mindanao?
A.The Bicol Robbery Group
B.The Pentagon Gang
C.The Sigue-Sigue Sputnik Gang
D.The Bahala Na Gang
9. The leadership body that governs relations between different La Cosa Nostra families in the United States is called:
A.The Council
B.The Commission
C.The Syndicate
D.The Outfit
10. The structure of organized crime groups often includes a "buffer" to protect leadership. Who typically serves this role?
A.The Boss
B.The Underboss or Consigliere
C.The Soldiers
D.The Associates
11. What type of terrorism is carried out by individuals or groups who are not directed or supported by a state?
A.State-sponsored terrorism
B.Non-state terrorism
C.Domestic terrorism
D.International terrorism
12. The process by which an individual comes to accept and support extremist ideologies and violence is known as:
A.Indoctrination
B.Radicalization
C.Brainwashing
D.Conversion
13. Which activity is a primary method of terrorist financing?
A.Legitimate stock market investments
B.Hawala and other informal value transfer systems
C.Government pensions and grants
D.Corporate sponsorships
14. A counterterrorism strategy focused on addressing the root causes of terrorism, such as poverty, political grievances, and social injustice, is known as:
A.Hard power approach
B.Soft power approach
C.Defensive strategy
D.Offensive strategy
15. Terrorism that is confined within the borders of a single country and does not involve foreign targets is called:
A.Transnational terrorism
B.Domestic terrorism
C.Ethno-nationalist terrorism
D.Religious terrorism
16. What is the primary objective of most terrorist acts?
A.To defeat a state's military in open combat
B.To create a climate of fear and insecurity to achieve political goals
C.To acquire wealth and resources for personal gain
D.To provide humanitarian aid to oppressed populations
17. The use of the internet, social media, and digital platforms by terrorist organizations for recruitment and propaganda is an example of:
A.State-sponsored media
B.Cyber-enabled terrorism
C.Financial warfare
D.Traditional espionage
18. Which international body is primarily responsible for coordinating global efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist financing?
A.INTERPOL
B.Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
C.United Nations Security Council
D.World Bank
19. The smuggling of people across international borders for a fee, often under dangerous conditions, is known as:
A.Human trafficking
B.Human smuggling
C.Illegal immigration
D.Labor exploitation
20. Which United Nations body is mandated to assist member states in their struggle against illicit drugs, crime, and terrorism?
A.UNICEF
B.United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
C.UNESCO
D.INTERPOL
21. A network of criminally-controlled computers (bots or "zombies") used to carry out large-scale cyberattacks is called a:
A.Server farm
B.Botnet
C.Trojan network
D.Firewall
22. Which of the following is considered the most profitable transnational crime?
A.Arms trafficking
B.Drug trafficking
C.Counterfeit goods
D.Human smuggling
23. What distinguishes human trafficking from human smuggling?
A.The crossing of an international border
B.The elements of force, fraud, or coercion for exploitation
C.The amount of money paid by the victim
D.The mode of transportation used
24. A formal request from one country to another for assistance in a criminal investigation is known as:
A.Extradition
B.Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT)
C.Diplomatic immunity
D.International warrant
25. According to Differential Association Theory, how does an individual become involved in criminal activity, such as joining a gang?
A.Due to a lack of self-control
B.By learning criminal behavior and attitudes from intimate personal groups
C.As a result of a rational choice weighing costs and benefits
D.Because of a genetic predisposition to deviance
26. Which notorious prison gang, also known as "La Eme," originated in the California prison system and is a powerful force in both correctional facilities and on the streets?
A.The Aryan Brotherhood
B.The Mexican Mafia
C.The Black Guerrilla Family
D.The Nuestra Familia
27. The Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) are powerful drug cartels originating from which country?
A.Colombia
B.Mexico
C.Peru
D.Brazil
28. An investigator is attempting to dismantle a crime syndicate by targeting its financial assets and flow of money. What is this investigative strategy called?
A.Racketeering investigation
B.Financial investigation or "following the money"
C.Undercover operation
D.Electronic surveillance
29. Subculture Theory suggests that gangs emerge as a collective solution for individuals who experience:
A.High social mobility
B.Status frustration and blocked opportunities
C.Strong family and community bonds
D.A desire for political revolution
30. A "fence" is a crucial role in many organized crime operations. What is their primary function?
A.To launder money through legitimate businesses
B.To receive and resell stolen goods
C.To provide legal counsel to syndicate members
D.] To carry out assassinations and enforce discipline